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- TITLE OF ARTICLE: Color Perception: Seeing With the Brain
-
- AUTHOR: Montgomery, Geoffrey
- JOURNAL NAME: Discovery
- DATE: Dec., 1989
- PAGE(S) 52-59
- ACCESSION NUMBER: 05
- SENSE(S): Sight
-
- ABSTRACT: Provides theories of the phenomenon of
- color constancy, that is, how our perception of the
- color of an object does not alter even when that
- object is bathed in the light of a different color.
- Edwin Land postulated that the we do not sense a
- color in isolation. We always compare it with its
- background. We calculate the center and surround
- ratios of light intensity of the three wavelength
- bands of red, blue and green. <LK105 SIGHT>
-
- A major theory discussed is trichromatic theory of
- color. This holds that the eyes are primarily three
- color cameras with separate receptors receiving and
- measuring the amount of red, green and blue light
- bouncing off an object.
-
- The discoveries and theories of Edwin Land
- (inventor of the instant camera), James Maxwell,
- Isaac Newton, John Dalton, Thomas Young, Jeremy
- Nathan, and David Hogness are discussed. Land's
- theories, however, if true, required a special kind
- of nerve cell in the visual system.
-
- Researchers found evidence to back Land's
- theory in research on goldfish retinas. Later work
- indicated further evidence in the primary visual
- cortex (or V1) at the lower back of the skull or
- primates. Another area, called "V4" or "blob-V4"
- was later discovered to better account for color
- constancy.
-
- The most recent research, however, suggests great
- complexity in how color perception works. Some
- researchers claim it presupposes a network of
- interconnected "blobs," Researchers do not all
- agree on how color perception works precisely. Many
- details and inconsistencies have yet to be worked
- out. <LK150 NEUROLOGICAL ARTICLE THEMES>
-
- RESEARCHERS QUOTED IN ARTICLE:
-
- Land, Edwin. Retired head of Polaroid and now runs
- a non-profit lab called the Rowland Institute of
- Science. Postulated many theories of color
- perception which he or others later confirmed.
-
- Van Essen, David. Caltech researcher who believes
- in the network theory of "blobs" in color
- perception.
-
- Wiesel, Torsten. Rockefeller University researcher
- and Nobel Prize winner who, with David Hubel of
- Harvard University, confirmed and extended many of
- Land's theories on color perception.
-
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-